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Use a Vault Server with Multiple Kubernetes Clusters
In this tutorial, we are going to show how to use KubeVault operators in multiple Kubernetes clusters against a shared Vault server.
To being with, we have created two GKE clusters.
We are going to install KubeVault operator in demo-cluster-1 using Helm 3. We are going to set --cluster-name flag. This flag value will be used by KubeVault operator when creating resources in Vault.
$ kubectl config current-context
gke_ackube_us-central1-a_demo-cluster-1
$ helm install kubevault oci://ghcr.io/appscode-charts/kubevault \
--version v2024.1.31 \
--namespace kubevault --create-namespace \
--set clusterName=demo-cluster-1
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
vault-operator-5fc7666575-8v6ft 1/1 Running 0 1h
We are going to deploy Vault in demo-cluster-1 using KubeVault operator. Guides to deploy Vault in GKE can be found here.
$ kubectl get vaultserverversions/1.2.0 -o yaml
apiVersion: catalog.kubevault.com/v1alpha1
kind: VaultServerVersion
metadata:
name: 1.2.0
spec:
version: 1.2.0
deprecated: false
vault:
image: vault:1.2.0
unsealer:
image: kubevault/vault-unsealer:v0.3.0
exporter:
image: kubevault/vault-exporter:0.1.0
$ cat examples/guides/provider/multi-cluster/my-vault.yaml
cat examples/guides/provider/multi-cluster/my-vault.yaml
apiVersion: kubevault.com/v1alpha1
kind: VaultServer
metadata:
name: my-vault
namespace: demo
spec:
replicas: 1
version: "1.2.0"
backend:
gcs:
bucket: "demo-vault"
credentialSecret: "google-cred"
serviceTemplate:
spec:
type: LoadBalancer
loadBalancerIP: 104.155.177.205
tls:
caBundle: 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
tlsSecret: vault-tls
unsealer:
secretShares: 4
secretThreshold: 2
mode:
googleKmsGcs:
bucket: "demo-vault"
kmsProject: "ackube"
kmsLocation: "global"
kmsKeyRing: "vault"
kmsCryptoKey: "vault-key"
credentialSecret: "google-cred"
$ kubectl apply -f docs/examples/guides/provider/multi-cluster/my-vault.yaml
vaultserver.kubevault.com/my-vault created
$ kubectl get vaultserver my-vault -n demo
NAME NODES VERSION STATUS AGE
my-vault 1 1.2.0 Running 1m
$ kubectl get services -n demo
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
my-vault LoadBalancer 10.3.251.241 104.155.177.205 8200:31542/TCP,8201:31390/TCP,9102:30911/TCP 2m
Now we are going to create demo-policy-secret-admin VaultPolicy in demo-cluster-1. Guides to manage policy in Vault can be found here.
$ cat examples/guides/provider/multi-cluster/demo-policy-secret-admin.yaml
apiVersion: policy.kubevault.com/v1alpha1
kind: VaultPolicy
metadata:
name: demo-policy-secret-admin
namespace: demo
spec:
ref:
name: my-vault
namespace: demo
policyDocument: |
path "secret/*" {
capabilities = ["create", "read", "update", "delete", "list"]
}
$ kubectl apply -f docs/examples/guides/provider/multi-cluster/demo-policy-secret-admin.yaml
vaultpolicy.policy.kubevault.com/demo-policy-secret-admin created
$ kubectl get vaultpolicies -n demo
NAME STATUS AGE
demo-policy-secret-admin Success 1m
Check the created demo-policy-secret-admin VaultPolicy in Vault. To resolve the naming conflict, name of policy in Vault will follow this format: k8s.{clusterName}.{metadata.namespace}.{metadata.name}. For this case, it is k8s.demo-cluster-1.demo.demo-policy-secret-admin.
$ export VAULT_ADDR='https://104.155.177.205:31542'
$ export VAULT_CACERT="cert/ca.crt"
$ export VAULT_TOKEN="s.KLJFDIUJLKDFDLKFJ"
$ vault policy list
default
k8s.demo-cluster-1.demo.demo-policy-secret-admin
my-vault-policy-controller
root
We are going to install KubeVault operator in demo-cluster-2 using Helm 3. We are going to set --cluster-name, this flag value will be used by KubeVault operator when creating resource in Vault.
$ kubectl config current-context
gke_ackube_us-central1-a_demo-cluster-2
$ helm install kubevault oci://ghcr.io/appscode-charts/kubevault \
--version v2024.1.31 \
--namespace kubevault --create-namespace \
--set clusterName=demo-cluster-2
$ kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
vault-operator-5fc7666575-8v6ft 1/1 Running 0 1h
Now we are going to create an AppBinding that contains connection and credential information of the Vault that is deployed in demo-cluster-1. In this AppBinding, we are going to use token auth. Guides to Vault authentication using AppBinding can be found here.
$ cat examples/guides/provider/multi-cluster/vault-app.yaml
apiVersion: appcatalog.appscode.com/v1alpha1
kind: AppBinding
metadata:
name: vault-app
namespace: demo
spec:
secret:
name: vault-token
clientConfig:
caBundle: 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
url: https://104.155.177.205:8200
$ kubectl apply -f docs/examples/guides/provider/multi-cluster/vault-app.yaml
appbinding.appcatalog.appscode.com/vault-app created
Now we are going to create demo-policy-secret-reader VaultPolicy in demo-cluster-2.
$ cat examples/guides/provider/multi-cluster/demo-policy-secret-reader.yaml
apiVersion: policy.kubevault.com/v1alpha1
kind: VaultPolicy
metadata:
name: demo-policy-secret-reader
namespace: demo
spec:
ref:
name: vault-app
namespace: demo
policyDocument: |
path "secret/*" {
capabilities = ["read", "list"]
}
$ kubectl apply -f docs/examples/guides/provider/multi-cluster/demo-policy-secret-reader.yaml
vaultpolicy.policy.kubevault.com/demo-policy-secret-reader created
$ kubectl get vaultpolicies -n demo
NAME STATUS AGE
demo-policy-secret-reader Success 1m
Check the created demo-policy-secret-reader VaultPolicy in Vault. To resolve the naming conflict, name of policy in Vault will follow this format: k8s.{clusterName}.{metadata.namespace}.{metadata.name}. For this case, it is k8s.demo-cluster-2.demo.demo-policy-secret-reader.
$ vault policy list
default
k8s.demo-cluster-1.demo.demo-policy-secret-admin
k8s.demo-cluster-2.demo.demo-policy-secret-reader
my-vault-policy-controller
root
This how we can use KubeVault operator in multiple Kubernetes clusters with a shared Vault Server without naming conflict.