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Manage GCP IAM Secrets using the KubeVault operator

The Google Cloud Vault secrets engine dynamically generates Google Cloud service account keys and OAuth tokens based on IAM policies. This enables users to gain access to Google Cloud resources without needing to create or manage a dedicated service account. You can easily manage GCP secret engine using the KubeVault operator.

GCP secret engine

You need to be familiar with the following CRDs:

Before you begin

Install KubeVault operator in your cluster from here.

To keep things isolated, we are going to use a separate namespace called demo throughout this tutorial.

$ kubectl create ns demo
namespace/demo created

In this tutorial, we are going to create a role using GCPRole and issue credential using GCPAccessKeyRequest.

Vault Server

If you don’t have a Vault Server, you can deploy it by using the KubeVault operator.

Deploy Vault Server

The KubeVault operator can manage policies and secret engines of Vault servers which are not provisioned by the KubeVault operator. You need to configure both the Vault server and the cluster so that the KubeVault operator can communicate with your Vault server.

Configure cluster and Vault server

Now, we have the AppBinding that contains connection and authentication information about the Vault server.

$ kubectl get appbinding -n demo
NAME    AGE
vault   50m

$ kubectl get appbinding -n demo vault -o yaml
apiVersion: appcatalog.appscode.com/v1alpha1
kind: AppBinding
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: "2021-08-16T08:23:38Z"
  generation: 1
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: vault
    app.kubernetes.io/managed-by: kubevault.com
    app.kubernetes.io/name: vaultservers.kubevault.com
  name: vault
  namespace: demo
  ownerReferences:
  - apiVersion: kubevault.com/v1alpha1
    blockOwnerDeletion: true
    controller: true
    kind: VaultServer
    name: vault
    uid: 6b405147-93da-41ff-aad3-29ae9f415d0a
  resourceVersion: "602898"
  uid: b54873fd-0f34-42f7-bdf3-4e667edb4659
spec:
  clientConfig:
    service:
      name: vault
      port: 8200
      scheme: http
  parameters:
    apiVersion: config.kubevault.com/v1alpha1
    kind: VaultServerConfiguration
    kubernetes:
      serviceAccountName: vault
      tokenReviewerServiceAccountName: vault-k8s-token-reviewer
      usePodServiceAccountForCSIDriver: true
    path: kubernetes
    vaultRole: vault-policy-controller

Enable and Configure GCP Secret Engine

When a SecretEngine crd object is created, the KubeVault operator will enable a secret engine on specified path and configure the secret engine with given configurations.

A sample SecretEngine object for GCP secret engine:

apiVersion: engine.kubevault.com/v1alpha1
kind: SecretEngine
metadata:
  name: gcp-engine
  namespace: demo
spec:
  vaultRef:
    name: vault
  gcp:
    credentialSecret: gcp-cred

To configure the GCP secret engine, you need to provide google service account credentials through a Kubernetes secret.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: gcp-cred
  namespace: demo
data:
  sa.json: eyJtc2ciOiJleGFtcGxlIn0= ## base64 encoded google service account credential

Let’s deploy SecretEngine:

$ kubectl apply -f docs/examples/guides/secret-engines/gcp/secret.yaml
secret/gcp-cred created

$ kubectl apply -f docs/examples/guides/secret-engines/gcp/secretengine.yaml
secretengine.engine.kubevault.com/gcp-engine created

Wait till the status become Success:

$ kubectl get secretengines -n demo
NAME         STATUS
gcp-engine   Success

Since the status is Success, the GCP secret engine is enabled and successfully configured. You can use kubectl describe secretengine -n <namepsace> <name> to check for error events, if any.

Create GCP Roleset

By using GCPRole, you can create gcp roleset on the Vault server in Kubernetes native way.

A sample GCPRole object is given below:

apiVersion: engine.kubevault.com/v1alpha1
kind: GCPRole
metadata:
  name: gcp-role
  namespace: demo
spec:
  secretEngineRef:
    name: gcp-secret-engine
  secretType: "access_token"
  project: appscode-testing
  bindings: |
    resource "//cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com/projects/appscode-testing" {
      roles = ["roles/viewer"]
    }    
  tokenScopes:
    - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform

Let’s deploy GCPRole:

$ kubectl apply -f docs/examples/guides/secret-engines/gcp/secretenginerole.yaml
gcprole.engine.kubevault.com/gcp-role created

$ kubectl get gcprole -n demo
NAME       STATUS
gcp-role   Success

You can also check from Vault that the roleset is created. To resolve the naming conflict, name of the roleset in Vault will follow this format: k8s.{clusterName}.{metadata.namespace}.{metadata.name}.

Don’t have Vault CLI? Download and configure it as described here

$ vault list your-gcp-path/roleset
Keys
----
k8s.-.demo.gcp-role

$ vault read your-gcp-path/roleset/k8s.-.demo.gcp-role
Key                      Value
---                      -----
bindings                 map[//cloudresourcemanager.googleapis.com/projects/appscode-testing:[roles/viewer]]
project                  appscode-testing
secret_type              access_token
service_account_email    vaultk8s---demo-gcp-1629380381@appscode-testing.iam.gserviceaccount.com
token_scopes             [https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform]

If we delete the GCPRole, then the respective role will be deleted from the Vault.

$ kubectl delete -f docs/examples/guides/secret-engines/gcp/secretenginerole.yaml
  gcprole.engine.kubevault.com "gcp-role" deleted

Check from Vault whether the roleset exists:

$ vault read your-gcp-path/roleset/k8s.-.demo.gcp-role
  No value found at your-gcp-path/roleset/k8s.-.demo.gcp-role

$ vault list your-gcp-path/roleset
  No value found at your-gcp-path/roleset/

Generate GCP credentials

Here, we are going to make a request to Vault for GCP credential by creating gcp-cred-req GCPAccessKeyRequest in demo namespace.

apiVersion: engine.kubevault.com/v1alpha1
kind: SecretAccessRequest
metadata:
  name: gcp-cred-req
  namespace: demo
spec:
  roleRef:
    kind: GCPRole
    name: gcp-role
  subjects:
    - kind: ServiceAccount
      name: demo-sa
      namespace: demo

Here, spec.roleRef is the reference of GCPRole against which credentials will be issued. spec.subjects is the reference to the object or user identities a role binding applies to and it will have read access of the credential secret.

Now, we are going to create GCPAccessKeyRequest.

$ kubectl apply -f docs/examples/guides/secret-engines/gcp/gcpaccesskeyrequest.yaml
gcpaccesskeyrequest.engine.kubevault.com/gcp-cred-req created

$ kubectl get gcpaccesskeyrequests -n demo
NAME          AGE
gcp-cred-req  3s

GCP credentials will not be issued until it is approved. The KubeVault operator will watch for the approval in the status.conditions[].type field of the request object. You can use KubeVault CLI, a kubectl plugin, to approve or deny GCPAccessKeyRequest.

# using KubeVault CLI as kubectl plugin to approve request
$ kubectl vault approve gcpaccesskeyrequest gcp-cred-req -n demo
  approved

$ kubectl get gcpaccesskeyrequest -n demo gcp-cred-req -o yaml
apiVersion: engine.kubevault.com/v1alpha1
kind: GCPAccessKeyRequest
metadata:
  name: gcp-cred-req
  namespace: demo
spec:
  roleRef:
    name: gcp-role
    namespace: demo
  subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: demo-sa
    namespace: demo
status:
  conditions:
  - lastUpdateTime: "2019-11-12T10:40:30Z"
    message: This was approved by kubectl vault approve gcpaccesskeyrequest
    reason: KubectlApprove
    type: Approved
  lease:
    duration: 0s
  secret:
    name: gcp-cred-req-unyzu6

Once GCPAccessKeyRequest is approved, the KubeVault operator will issue credentials from Vault and create a secret containing the credential. It will also create a role and rolebinding so that spec.subjects can access secret. You can view the information in the status field.

$ kubectl get gcpaccesskeyrequest gcp-cred-req -n demo -o json | jq '.status'
{
  "conditions": [
    {
      "lastUpdateTime": "2019-11-12T10:40:30Z",
      "message": "This was approved by kubectl vault approve gcpaccesskeyrequest",
      "reason": "KubectlApprove",
      "type": "Approved"
    }
  ],
  "lease": {
    "duration": "0s"
  },
  "secret": {
    "name": "gcp-cred-req-unyzu6"
  }
}

$ kubectl get secret -n demo gcp-cred-req-unyzu6 -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
data:
  expires_at_seconds: MTU3MzU1ODgzMA==
  token: eWEyOS5jLktsMndCLTR5=
  token_ttl: MzU5OQ==
kind: Secret
metadata:
  name: gcp-cred-req-unyzu6
  namespace: demo
type: Opaque

If GCPAccessKeyRequest is deleted, then credential lease (if any) will be revoked.

$ kubectl delete gcpaccesskeyrequest -n demo gcp-cred-req
  gcpaccesskeyrequest.engine.kubevault.com "gcp-cred-req" deleted

If GCPAccessKeyRequest is Denied, then the KubeVault operator will not issue any credential.

$ kubectl vault deny gcpaccesskeyrequest gcp-cred-req -n demo
  Denied

Note: Once GCPAccessKeyRequest is Approved or Denied, you cannot change spec.roleRef and spec.subjects field.

KubeDB

Stash

KubeVault

Voyager

ConfigSyncer

Guard

RESOURCES

Vault Kubernetes Deployment

Auto Initialization & Unsealing

Vault Backup & Restore

Consume KubeVault Secrets with CSI

Manage DB Users Privileges

Storage Backend

Authentication Method

Database Secret Engine

Azure Secret Engine

AWS Secret Engine

GCP Secret Engine

Kubectl Plugin

Vault Operator

KubeVault CLI

Vault Unsealer